Polysaccharides – Starch, Amylose, Amylopectin, Glycogen, Cellulose, Heteropolizaharidi, Glycosaminoglycans

Polysaccharides are molecular compounds. They do not taste as sweet disaccharides and little or insoluble in water.
Polysaccharides are carbohydrates obtained by hydrolysis, a molecule is made up of quite a number of monosaccharide residues.

There are two main groups nezaharopodobni polysaccharides.

* Homopolizaharidi who have built a homogeneous polysaccharide, which is obtained by hydrolysis of only one monosaccharide.
* Heteropolizaharidi which are obtained after hydrolysis more than two monosaccharides or both them and their derivatives. Representatives of this group are hemicelluloses, tires and plant resins, mucopolysaccharides, etc.
According to their biological functions, polysaccharides can be divided into two main groups: polysaccharides, which are important for skeletal material of cells (cellulose) and those that serve as energy storage (starch, glycogen).

Homopolizaharidite representatives are:

Starch (starch)
It means a stock carb food plants and green parts formed in the process of photosynthesis.
In fact the starch is not uniform product, and it is composed of two substances, amylose (15% -25%) and amylopectin (75% -85%).

Amylose
Its molecule is composed of linearly linked glucose residues. Amylose molecule and macromolecule is why it is regarded as a natural polymer glucose.

Amylopectin
Its macromolecule has repeatedly branched chain and is composed of 20 to 25 remaining associated with α-(1-4) – connections.

Glycogen (animal sugar)
It means a stock carb food animal organisms. He plays pool of glucose in the liver and muscles. These are glucose residues in about 8 to 12 branches.

Cellulose
- Distributed carbohydrate on earth. It is half of the total content of carbon in the biosphere. For a year in plants are synthesized around 3162 tons pulp.

Heteropolizaharidi
Heteropolizaharidite are heterogeneous polysaccharides. Hydrolysis them receive more than two different monosaccharide composition of the remainder, together with their derivatives. They are found in all living organisms with representatives hemicelluloses and resins and rubbers:

These are heteropolizaharidi of animal and bacterial origin that build and strengthen connective tissue penetration of the infection.
Polysaccharides associated with proteins to form proteoglycans, which act as a protective wall against foreign organisms in the body.
Representatives of mucopolysaccharides are Chondroitinsulphuric acid, hyaluronic acid and heparin.